Servo Tuning in 2025: Autotune vs Manual — Who Wins?

Servo Tuning in 2025: Autotune vs Manual — Who Wins? Servo tuning has evolved from oscilloscopes and intuition to software-assisted autotun...

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Proof Testing Intervals That Don’t Kill Uptime

Proof Testing Intervals That Don’t Kill Uptime Proof testing ensures that safety systems still meet their intended performance — but...

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Common Cause Failures: What Your FMEA Must Include

Common Cause Failures: What Your FMEA Must Include Redundancy only works when failures are independent. Common cause failures (CCFs) — wher...

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Safety PLCs vs Relays: When Each Makes Sense

Safety PLCs vs Relays: When Each Makes Sense Both safety relays and safety PLCs can implement safety functions like emergency stops, guard monito...

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Validating Safe Motion: STO, SS1, SLS, and SSM

Validating Safe Motion: STO, SS1, SLS, and SSM Modern drives don’t just stop — they stop safely. Functional safety in motion control...

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PL and SIL Without Tears: Selecting Safety Functions

PL and SIL Without Tears: Selecting Safety Functions Performance Level (PL) and Safety Integrity Level (SIL) are two ways of quantifying how reli...

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Measuring Zero Trust Maturity in Factories

Measuring Zero Trust Maturity in Factories Zero Trust isn’t a product — it’s a journey. Measuring progress helps OT leaders pri...

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Remote Work in OT: Secure Access without VPN Sprawl

Remote Work in OT: Secure Access without VPN Sprawl Since 2020, remote access to industrial systems has skyrocketed — but so have breaches...

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Least Privilege for HMIs and SCADA: Design Patterns

Least Privilege for HMIs and SCADA: Design Patterns Least privilege means giving each user and process only the permissions needed — nothin...

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Identities for Machines: Certificates, TPMs, and Rotate at Scale

Identities for Machines: Certificates, TPMs, and Rotate at Scale In a Zero Trust OT network, every node — from PLC to gateway — must...

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Zero Trust in OT: Micro-Segmentation That Engineers Can Maintain

Zero Trust in OT: Micro-Segmentation That Engineers Can Maintain Zero Trust is reshaping how industrial networks are secured. Instead of one trus...

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Coordinated Disclosure with Vendors: How to Do It Right

Coordinated Disclosure with Vendors: How to Do It Right When you find a vulnerability in an industrial product, disclosure is not just an ethical...

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Asset Inventories That Stay Up-to-Date in OT

Asset Inventories That Stay Up-to-Date in OT You can’t secure what you don’t know exists. In operational technology (OT), asset inven...

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Prioritizing Patches in OT: Risk, Windows, and Rollback

Prioritizing Patches in OT: Risk, Windows, and Rollback Patching in OT is never “just apply and reboot.” Every update must balance vu...

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Vuln Scanning without Breaking the Plant: Safe Methods

Vuln Scanning without Breaking the Plant: Safe Methods Running traditional vulnerability scans in OT can cause communication loss, device resets,...

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SBOMs for PLCs and HMIs: What’s Realistically Possible

SBOMs for PLCs and HMIs: What’s Realistically Possible The Software Bill of Materials (SBOM) is becoming a cornerstone of cybersecurity tra...

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TSN + OPC UA PubSub: Reference Architectures

TSN + OPC UA PubSub: Reference Architectures The future of industrial Ethernet lies in the combination of TSN for determinism and OPC UA PubSub f...

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Lab Testing TSN: Tooling, Traffic, and KPIs

Lab Testing TSN: Tooling, Traffic, and KPIs Before deploying Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) in production, engineers must validate timing, inter...

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Migrating Motion Control to TSN: A Stepwise Plan

Migrating Motion Control to TSN: A Stepwise Plan Moving from proprietary motion networks (EtherCAT, SERCOS, PROFINET IRT) to TSN-based motion con...

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Determinism over Ethernet: What TSN Guarantees (and Doesn’t)

Determinism over Ethernet: What TSN Guarantees (and Doesn’t) TSN brings determinism to Ethernet — but not magic. Engineers must under...

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